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- This constitutes progression of history, fulfilling Hegel's historicism
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-## Dialectic
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-### Modern Marxist View (marxists.org)
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+# Dialectic
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+## Modern Marxist View (marxists.org)
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- Hegel able to explain universal connection and mutability
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- Whole world (natural, historical, intellectual) represented as a process
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- Radical young followers of Hegel loved his powerful tool for critique.
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- Criticized Christianity
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- Holy Family is just a heavenly image of an earthly family, thus criticizing Christianity is no better than the Christians criticizing culture.
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-### Progression of Dialectic
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+## Progression of Dialectic
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- Hegel's "absolute idea" just another name for God.
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- Hegel's theory of the dialectic was that it works because thought in mind transforms the material world
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- Feurbach rejected this and insisted that ideas were a reflection of the material world, and thus rejected the Dialectic
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- Marx and Engels, fans of Feurbach, opposed him on this and wanted to champion a Dialectic that was free of the original rigidity in the sense that it had to express pure thought. This could be done by applying the dialectic to the dialectic, challenging its limits and finding a synthesis for the material world.
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-### Idealism
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+## Idealism
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Images and thoughts not a reflection of the world, but originated as ideas from eternity before the world, whose realization composes the structure of our world.
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Feurbach - thoughts are the opposite and passively reflect the material world.
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- Marx/Engels believed thoughts were the product of labour, and that the contradictions of thoughts reflect the contradictions of society.
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- Dialectics are not imposed on the world from the outside, but through the struggle in thought and practice by humans performing labour.
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- "Stand Hegel on his head"
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-### Failed predictions (failure of Marx)
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+## Failed predictions (failure of Marx)
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Assumed that, through the dialectic process, Socialism and Communism would be unearthed, but it was only attempted in peasant regions, like Russia. Hungary didn't even work.
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- Something wrong, so Neo-Marxists invent a new theory
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-### Neo-Marxists
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+## Neo-Marxists
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Interested in creating a new theory using the dialectic: `The Dialectic of Enlightenment"
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- Critical Theory is, in fact, the application of the precise dialectic that's been continuously transformed through subsequent dialectics
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- Put Hegel back upright again
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- Less materialism, more human -> culture (not pure idealism, like Hegel)
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- Sometimes called Cultural Marxism, or Cultural Hegelians
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-### Not Hegel
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+## Not Hegel
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- More politically active, like Young Hegelians
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- Didn't want to make the same mistakes Marx criticized of Hegel
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- Ideas from Freud and new Social Science
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- Attack culture which upholds society and prevents revolutions
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-### Critical Theory
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+## Critical Theory
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- Horkheimer becomes first chair of Institute for Social Research (Frankfurt school)
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- "Critical Activity. Less in the sense it has in the idealistic critiques of pure reason than in the sense that it has in the dialectical critique of political economy."
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- Political Economy: Marx describing the political economy
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@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Interested in creating a new theory using the dialectic: `The Dialectic of Enlig
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- Reason produces unreason
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- Rationality turns into irrationality
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-#### Dialectic of Enlightenment (book)
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+### Dialectic of Enlightenment (book)
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- Self-destruction of western reason a fateful dialectic
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- Domination of internal/external nature and society.
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- Dialectically-mediated qualities of real and intellectual life
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@@ -120,27 +120,27 @@ Interested in creating a new theory using the dialectic: `The Dialectic of Enlig
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- Repressed nature leads to Fascism
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- Domination of nature through advancing instrumental thought hollows out reason and reverts to new mythology resurrecting relationship to nature and violence.
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-### Marcuse
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+## Marcuse
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- Enlightenment the advance of thought was aimed at liberating humans from fear
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- Devolves into domination and reason is a tool of domination
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- Thesis: Enlightenment/industrial society conceptually justifies itself but fails to conjure away the increase of misery, leading to madness.
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- Rationality becomes irrationality by the dialectic of enlightenment
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- Synthesis is needed, and Critical Theory is the tool to get it
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-#### One Dimensional Man
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+### One Dimensional Man
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- Dialectical thought understands tension between ought and is
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- Analyze tension for a normative vision of perfected society
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- This thought is an ontological condition and the structure of being
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- Dialectic of ought and is to produce the concrete from the abstract. This becomes activism.
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- Is = analytical. Ought = activism
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-#### Dialectic of the New Left (putting it into practice)
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+### Dialectic of the New Left (putting it into practice)
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- Laws of thought become laws of reality if thought understands immediate experience as the appearance of the true forms of reality: ideas
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- Analyze reality through terms which envision its subversion in order to realize truth
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- Dialectic as subversive activity. Confronting reality's negations forces us to look for synthesis or tear away the constructs of the current society to reveal perfected society.
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- These thoughts inspired Black Feminists
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-#### Peeling Away Contradictions
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+### Peeling Away Contradictions
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- Repressive Tolerance
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- The whole determines the truth
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- Metaphysical axiom that high level reveals low level. Done through dialectic.
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@@ -148,13 +148,13 @@ Interested in creating a new theory using the dialectic: `The Dialectic of Enlig
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- Every progressive movement can become its opposite if it's forced to accept the rules of the game.
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- Lack of equality rationalizes asymmetrical application of rules
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-#### Dialecticism of Tolerance
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+### Dialecticism of Tolerance
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- Tolerance meets intolerance to produce repressive tolerance
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- Leads us to future where we can have true tolerance
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- Pre-censor to prevent wrong-think
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- Against cognitive liberty
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-#### Essay on Liberation
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+### Essay on Liberation
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- Dialectics of democracy
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- Self-gov of free people currently impossible
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- Corporatism produces anti-democratic forms in the fight for democracy
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@@ -162,13 +162,13 @@ Interested in creating a new theory using the dialectic: `The Dialectic of Enlig
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- Movement which preserves rights is subverted by majority's manipulated interpretation of justice
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- Synthesis - Ideal Democracy (perfect equity)
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-##### Subversion of Language
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+#### Subversion of Language
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Democracy against argument of pseudodemocracy implies "ideal" adjective without it being declared. Democracy coming to mean Communism.
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-##### Recap
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+#### Recap
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Hegel -> Young H -> Marx -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists
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-### Praxis of Praxis
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+## Praxis of Praxis
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Those who habitually think dialectically also habitually pursue dialectical synthesese of their own dialectic repertoire.
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## Post-Modernists
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@@ -217,17 +217,17 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- Critical Pedagogy - Critical Theory applied to Education Theory and Education Contents
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- Gramsci - infiltrate pillars of culture (5) incl education
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-### Critical Education
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-#### Giroux
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+## Critical Education
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+### Giroux
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- Take students outside their frame of reference to question facts
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- Place object of study in system of relationships that give it meaning
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- Social contextualization of information
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-#### John Dewey
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+### John Dewey
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- State is completed objective spirit, externalized reason of man, reconciles law and liberty
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- Make interest of the law the motive of the individual
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-#### Allison Bailey
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+### Allison Bailey
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- Tracking Privilege (Neo-Marxism in classroom)
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- Critical thinking judges claims/evidence/sources, but fail to examine assumptions about daily life.
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- Illogical and unexamined living
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@@ -237,24 +237,24 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- Teach students to identify how power shapes understanding to resist and transform injustice
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- Interrogate politics of knowledge and question means of determining epistemic adequacy
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-#### Audrey Lords
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+### Audrey Lords
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- The tools can beat master at his own game, but not dismantle the house.
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- Those adept with the tools restore order that assures their comfort
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-#### Implications for Pedagogy
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+### Implications for Pedagogy
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- Critical Pedagogy based on Neo-Marxism
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- - Teach emancipation and empowerment
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-##### Dialectic Thinking
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+#### Dialectic Thinking
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- Henri Giroux: "... must be taught to think dialectically"
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- Not indoctrination-focused, but on teaching a way of thinking which continuously reprograms concepts dialectically
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-## CRT
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-### Critical Race Theory: An Introduction
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+# CRT
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+## Critical Race Theory: An Introduction
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- Essentialism vs anti-essentialism
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- "And so the dialectic progresses"
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-### Woke Structural Determinism
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+## Woke Structural Determinism
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- The Woke synthesis
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- Hypothesis: societal structure determines lived experience
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- Essentialism obfuscated by social constructivism
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@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- Lived experience becomes essential in the power structure
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- Both race essentialist and race anti-essentialist
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-#### In Greater Depth
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+### In Greater Depth
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- Positionality: the logic of organized society
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- Progression of intersectional groups is dialectic progressing through history
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- Intersectionality critiques marginalized activists and turns them into oppressors:
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@@ -272,11 +272,11 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- - Competing systemic oppression
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- Intersectional synthesis => solidarity
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-### Marcusian Eugenics
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+## Marcusian Eugenics
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- Biologically change mankind to need liberation
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- Liberated man can tolerate liberation
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-### Solidarity
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+## Solidarity
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- Evoke guilt of marginalized identities so they too are committed to addressing oppression outside of themselves
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- Classic woke (Race/Queer): tear it all down
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- Intersectionality: put it back together
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@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- Delight in speculative thought: find in language words that have speculative meaning
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-#### Negation Process
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+### Negation Process
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- Negative in the dialectic triad (antithesis)
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- Refute by aufheben: S("The sky is blue") => **Not At Night!**
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- Deliberately miss the point by removing the concrete sense / certainty that it was ever correct
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@@ -328,11 +328,11 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- Racial consciousness to mitigate racism
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- Segregate to desegregate or decolonize
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-#### Lenin
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+### Lenin
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- Focused on sublation (vulgar aufheben)
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- Supercede, put an end to, but simultaneously maintain and preserve
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-#### Marcuse
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+### Marcuse
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- Affirmative culture causes people to believe they are happy when they are not
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- Abolition of culture (Aufhebung der kultur)
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@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- Marcuse: designate target to overcome without speculating the end
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- Communism doesn't know because perfection beneath the flaws
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-### Destroy All The Things
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+## Destroy All The Things
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- Culture, Statues, Men + Women, Heterosexuality, Mothers, Dr. Zeus, Cultural touchpoints we relate to, The curriculum (decolonize), Ghostbusters and Star Wars, Cultural References
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- Dialectic fire where aufheben heats the ideas which purifies them
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@@ -422,14 +422,56 @@ Hegel -> Y Hegel -> Marxists -> Neo-Marxists -> Black Feminism
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- Abstract is insufficient for God; as is concrete
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- An absolute God is not absent any concept
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- The final trinity is Abstract, Concrete, Absolute
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-
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-
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-###### More Trinity
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- Seek contradictions and keep core
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- Idea is to State as Father is to Son; Son engages culture and causing wisdom to flow back to the Father (Geist) (self aware -> absolute)
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- Perfected society occurs when the Absolute Idea is fully synthesized
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- God created the world to compare against himself so the absolute idea could be realized; the abstract creates concrete but must become both abstract and concrete in order to be absolute
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- Hegel's God needs to create to realize himself, whereas the Christian God creates because it is his will
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+##### Concepts, Moments and Statism
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+*Moments can't be reduced. Its components can't be taken apart*
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+- Concept - key metaphysical object
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+- Moments are aspects of the concept which incompletely express it
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+- Dialectically negate the moments to give rise to the next
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+- Ideas take earthly form in nature, managed by the state
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+- Divine idea expresses itself through the state
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+- State sets material conditions which give rise to culture/Geist
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+- Geist refines ideas through aufheben to yield new structure to be implemented by State, developing consciousness
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+- The greater the consciousness, the more refined the idea
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+- Trinity:
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+ - Ideas = God
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+ - State = Son
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+ - Geist = Spirit
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+- Events engaged by Men of Action drive this refinement through history
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+
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+#### Alchemical Trinity
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+- Geist informs philosophers on what to Dialectically synthesize
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+- God is not transcendent to the world, but a process spiraling through history
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+- Alchemical process increases God's awareness
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+- Absolute not aware of what it is unless ideas are perfected
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+
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+
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**Forms of perfected syntheses:**
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-- Marx Communism, Marcuse Libraion, Black Liberaion, Justice, Racial liberation
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+- Marx Communism, Marcuse Libraion, Black Liberation, Justice, Racial Liberation
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+
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+## Summarizing Metaphysics
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+- Absolute must become abstract and concrete to actualize itself
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+- Absolute will be the last idea to be perfected
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+- When ideas are perfect the state will also perfect
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+- Abstract created negation -> what is not itself -> the World
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+- Imperfect world as anthithesis to God using dialectical synthesis to realize the absolute is the driving Telos of history
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+- God had to create to be God, and his creation will help him realize his absolution
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+
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+### Remaining Issues in Post-Marxism
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+- Megalomaniacs believe they can help the idea become perfected
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+- Marxists/NeoMarxists don't believe it's mysticism, but practice faith through the dialectic
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+- Continued alchemical methodology, but not along dimension of absolute idea
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+- Ideal, Structure, Culture / Idea, State, Spirit
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+- Inequity proves imperfect spirit
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+- Awaken Critical Consciousness
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+- Instigate revolt of Culture through Dialectic
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+- Cultural revolution -> enforce equity -> ideas become refined under imposed conditions
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+- No perfected Communism to draw from, just an effort to continuously raise consciousness
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+
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+### Horkheimer / Adourno
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+Dialectical thinking is *"In which each thing is what it is only by becoming what it is not".*
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